Maintaining index data in a database

ABSTRACT

In a particular embodiment, a method includes storing, at a staging table of a database, a data update generated based on a transaction performed with respect to a data table that is associated with one or more indexes. Each index of the one or more indexes is maintained externally to the database. The method further includes maintaining the data update at the staging table at least until index update data is received at the database. The index update data represents a modification, based on the data update, to a particular index of the one or more the indexes.

I. CLAIM OF PRIORITY

This application is a continuation patent application of, and claimspriority from, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/240,343 filed on Sep.29, 2008 and entitled “Persisting External Index Data in a Database,”which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety for allpurposes.

II. BACKGROUND

Relational database and other multi-dimensional databases enableflexible and powerful capabilities to sort, correlate, and analyze data.Relational databases store data in data tables. In a data table, data isstored in columns and rows that can be manipulated to provide flexibleonline analytical decision support. One or more columns and one or morerows may store text data. It may be desirable to enable users to searchthe text data stored in the database. To provide improved indexing andsearch performance, text data may be indexed in an inverse index orcomparable data structure that is maintained by an index manager thatstores the index separately from and external to the database.

However, when the index data is stored separately from the data,maintaining correspondence between the index data and the data itrepresents may be difficult in certain situations. For one example, ifthe index manager should become unavailable as a result of systems ordata communications issues, transactions that update the database maynot be reflected in the index, and the index will no longer besynchronized with the database. Moreover, if multiple index managers aremaintained to accommodate search demand, the indices maintained by themultiple index managers may not be synchronized with each other, and mayalso not be synchronized with the database. The database may beperiodically re-indexed by the index manager, but re-indexing may betime consuming and costly in computer resources.

III. BRIEF SUMMARY

Systems, methods, and computer program products are disclosed. In aparticular embodiment, a method includes maintaining a databaseincluding a first data table that is configured to store data in adatabase format and a second data table that is configured to storeindex data. The index data represents an index of a first portion of thefirst data table, and the index maintained externally to the database byan index manager. The method also includes generating a data updaterepresenting a modification to the first data table and communicatingthe data update to the index manager. The method further includesreceiving index update data from the index manager representing amodification to the index as a result of the data update and applyingthe index update data to the second data table.

In another particular embodiment, a system includes a processor and amemory accessible to the processor. The memory is configured to storedata and program instructions and the processor is configured tomaintain a database that includes a plurality of data tables. Theplurality of data tables include a first data table having a first dataportion that is configured to store first text data and a second datatable configured to store master index data including first index datacorresponding to the first data portion. The first index data isreceived from a first index manager via a network interface. Theprocessor is also configured to communicate the first index data to afirst index manager via the network interface to instruct the firstindex manager to create the first index from the first index data.

In another particular embodiment, a computer program product formaintaining external index data in a database is disclosed. The computerprogram product comprises a computer-readable storage medium havingcomputer-executable program instructions embodied therewith. Thecomputer-executable program instructions include first programinstructions to maintain an index of text data of a table column, wherethe text data of the table column is maintained at a remote database.The computer-executable program instructions also include second programinstructions to receive a text update reflecting a data update to theremote database. The computer-executable program instructions alsoinclude third program instructions to update the index to reflect thetext update. The computer-executable program instructions also includefourth program instructions to send index update data in a serializedbinary format at a master index table in the remote database.

In another particular embodiment, a computational component for use indirecting a computing device to maintain a master copy of index data ata database that is indexed by an external index server is disclosed. Thecomputational component includes encoded computing device instructionsemanating from a tangible computer readable medium. The encodedcomputing device instructions are electronically accessible to thecomputing device for execution. The execution of the encoded computingdevice instructions causes the computing device to maintain a data tablein a database in a database format and to maintain an index table in thedatabase. The index table includes content of an index to the datatable, and the index is maintained in a format that is different thanthe database format by an index manager that is external to thedatabase. The execution of the encoded computing device instructionsalso causes the computing device to receive a transaction initiating adata update to the data table, to communicate the data update to theindex manager, to receive index update data from the index manager, andto apply the index update data to the index table.

IV. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a particular illustrative embodiment of a systemto maintain index data in a database, where the index data representscontent of an index maintained external to the database;

FIG. 2 is a diagram of a particular illustrative embodiment of a systemdepicting how a received transaction results in an update to a database,an update to an index external to the database, and an update to theindex data maintained in the database;

FIGS. 3-6 are diagrams of a particular illustrative embodimentillustrating an effect of a transaction on a data table storing data, astaging table storing updates to the data table, and an index table, andan index external the database.

FIG. 7 is a diagram of a system for particular illustrative embodimentof a system in which index table data maintained in a database iscommunicated to an external index manager that uses the index table datato generate an index;

FIG. 8 is a flow chart of a particular illustrative embodiment of amethod of maintaining an index table to represent content of an index ina database; and

FIG. 9 is a diagram of a particular illustrative embodiment of ageneral-purpose computer system operable to support systems, computerprogram products, and methods herein described.

V. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

A master copy of index data for an index of a data table in a databaseis maintained within the database itself. Even though the index may begenerated and maintained by an index manager separate from a databasemanager, and the index data may be stored by the index manager in a datastore external to the database, a copy of the index data is maintainedin the database. As a result, if a data communications failure oranother failure should occur that might result in the index becomingdesynchronized from the database, the index can be resynchronized withthe database without having to regenerate the index from the data table.Using the master copy of the index data stored in the database, a copyof the index can be synchronized to the master copy of the index data.Moreover, additional, synchronized copies of the index can be createdfrom the master copy of the index data without investing time andcomputing resources in actually regenerating the index from the datatable.

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a particular illustrative embodiment of a system,generally designated 100, for maintaining index data in a database 110maintained by a database manager 112. The database manager 112 is incommunication with a first index manager 122 via a network 140. Thedatabase manager 112 is also in communication with a second indexmanager 132 via the network 140. The first index manager 122 and thesecond index manager 132 are coupled to a first index 120 and a secondindex 130, respectively. A client 150 is in communication with thedatabase 110, illustrated as sending query 152 to the database andreceiving a result 154.

The database manager 112 includes a processor 162 coupled to a memory164. A network interface 160 enables communications via the network 140.The memory 164 is configured to store data 166 and program instructions(SW) 168. The processor 162 is configured to enable the database manager112 to maintain the database 110. In addition, the processor 162 isconfigured to receive requests from the index managers 122 and 132 andto communicate data and instructions to the index managers 122 and 132via the network interface 160.

The database 110 includes one or more data tables 114 that maintaindata. For purposes of this description, the term data will be used torepresent data that includes substantive content of the database,whereas other types of data, such as index data that represents thecontent of the index to the database, will be designated accordingly. Atleast some of the data, including one or more rows or one or morecolumns of the data stored in the data table 114, may be text data. Textdata may include names, locations, and other information expressible ina textual form that it may be desirable to index to allow users tosearch the text data. An index, such as the first index 120, may begenerated and maintained by the first index manager 122 thatcommunicates with the database manager 112 via the network 140. Thefirst index 120 may be stored at a site local to the first index manager122 to facilitate searches of the first index 120.

One or more additional copies of the index, such as the second index 130may be generated, maintained, or operated, or some combination thereof,by another index manager at a location remote from the database 110,such as the second index manager 132. Alternatively, the second index130 may maintain a separate index to a different aspect of the datastored in the data 114. For example, if the data in the data table 114includes more than one portion including text data, an index to a firstportion of text data may be maintained by the first index manager 122 inthe first index 120 while an index to a second portion of text data maybe maintained by the second index manager 132 in the second index 130.Depending on what text information a user wishes to search, a user mayaccess either the first index 120 or the second index 130 via the firstindex manager 122 or the second index manager 132, respectively, toaccess the desired text data.

However, regardless of the location at which an index is generated,maintained, or operated, according to embodiments of the invention, acopy of index data included in the first index 120 or the second index130 is stored in the database 110 in one or more index tables 116. Thefirst index 120 may maintain data in an index format that is differentthan the data format used by the database 110 to store data. Therefore,the index data is stored in the index table 116 in a database format,such as a serialized binary format, so that the data and the index dataare stored in the database 110, a common repository for both the dataand the index data. Because both the data and the index data are storedin the database 110, time stamps or other mechanisms to correlateversions of the index data and the data may be avoided.

Put another way, in a particular illustrative embodiment both data andindex data and stored in tables in the database 110, treating both thedata and the index data as any other types of data that the database 110maintains. The data table 114 may be regarded as a first data tableconfigured to store data, at least a first portion of which includesfirst text data that will be used in indexing the data. The index table116 may be regarded as a second data table configured to store the indexdata received from a first index manager such as the first index manager122 via the network interface 160.

According to one particular embodiment, once a transaction changescontent of the data table 114, as further described with reference toFIGS. 2-6, data indicating a change such as an addition or deletion ofthe data that is stored at the data table 114, referred to herein a dataupdate, is generated. The data indicating a modification to the data atthe data table 114, such as a first data update 124, is sent to thefirst index manager 122 so that the first index manager 122 can updatethe first index 120 to conform to the change in the data in the datatable 114. Using the first data update 124, the first index manager 122updates the first index 120. In addition, in accordance with embodimentsof the invention, data reflecting the change in the first index 120 toaccount for the change in the content of the data table 114 is sent tothe database manager 112, such as a first index update data 126, is sentto the database manager 112. Using the first index update data 126, thedatabase manager 112 updates the index table 116 in the database 110.Thus, the database 110 maintains current copies of the data in the datatable 114 and of the index data in the index table 116.

Correspondingly, if one or more additional copies of an index aremaintained at additional locations, such as the second index manager 132maintaining the second index 130 at a location remote from the database110, upon occurrence of the transaction, the second data update 134 issent to the second index manager 132 to update the second index 130. Thesecond index manager 132 then sends second index update data 136 to thedatabase manager 112 to update the index table 116. The second indexupdate data 136 may be disregarded if the second index update data 136is identical to the first index update data 126 when the first indexupdate data 126 has been previously received. Alternatively, the firstindex update data 126 may be disregarded if the first index update data126 is identical to the second index update data 136 when the secondindex update data 136 has been previously received.

To illustrate, during operation the processor 162 may be configured suchthat the database manager 112 can perform transactions and interact withone or more index mangers to store a master copy of one or moreexternally-maintained indices. The database manager 112 may beconfigured to process a transaction resulting in a modification to afirst data table, such as the data table 114. The data table 114 maycontain a first data portion including first text data and a second dataportion including second text data.

The database manager 112 may be configured to generate a data updaterepresenting the modification to first data portion of the data table114 and to communicate the first data update 124 to the first indexmanager 122. As will be discussed with respect to FIGS. 2-6, thedatabase manager 112 may maintain a staging table and, upon anoccurrence of a triggering event, may communicate a data update to anindex manager and maintain the data update in the staging table untilindex update data resulting from the data update is received from theindex manager. The database manager 112 may be configured to receive thefirst index update data 126 from the first index manager 122 in responseto the first data update 124 and to apply the first index update data126 as an index update to a second data table, such as the index table116, to generate updated master index data. The first index update data126 may be received from the first index manager 122 in a databaseformat, such as a serialized binary format.

Similarly, the database manager 112 may be configured to generate a dataupdate representing the modification to second data portion of the datatable 114 and to communicate the second data update 134 to the secondindex manager 132. The database manager 112 may receive the second indexupdate data 136 from the second index manager 122 in response to thesecond data update 134 and apply the second index update data 136 as anindex update to the index table 116, to generate updated master indexdata. The second index update data 136 may also be received from thesecond index manager 132 in the database format, such as the serializedbinary format.

In a particular embodiment, the database manager 112 initiates allrequests for the index managers 122 and 132. For example, the databasemanager 112 may send a request to the first index manager 122 and mayreceive an error message back from the first index manager 122. Toillustrate, the first index manager 122 may experience an communicationfailure or an event that may compromise an integrity of the first index120, such as a hardware failure or power-off event. In response to theerror message from the first index manager 122, the database manager 112may communicate to the second index manager 132 via the networkinterface 160 for the second index manager 132 to create the first indexfrom the index table 116.

FIG. 2 is a diagram of a particular illustrative embodiment of a system,generally designated 200, depicting how a received transaction resultsin an update to a database 210, an update to an index external to thedatabase, and an update to the index data maintained in the database. Inthe example of FIG. 2, a client 250 (which may be under control of ahuman user or an automated system), generates a transaction 252 thatwill result in a change to the data stored in the data table 214 of thedatabase 210. Specifically, the transaction 252 is received by thedatabase manager 212 and presented to the database 210 as a data update224. The data update 224 is applied to the data table 214. The update tothe data table 214 may trigger a staging table update 230 where the dataupdate 224 is also recorded at a staging table 218 of the database. Atriggered data update 232 applies data updates stored in the stagingtable 218, such as the data update 224, to an external index 222 inresponse to an occurrence of a triggering event. The triggering eventmay include a synchronous timed update cycle, such as scheduled dailyupdate, an asynchronous update signal, or any other type of event usedto initiate the update. The triggering event may be associated with thereceiving of index update data 226 or may be independent of receivingindex update data 226. In one particular embodiment, irrespective ofwhen the data update 224 is applied to the data table 214, the dataupdate 224 is maintained in the staging table 218 at least until theindex update data 226 is received

The database manager 212, in addition to sending the data update 224 andthe staging table update 230 to the database 210, also sends thetriggered data update 232 to the index manager 220. For example, thedatabase manager 212 may send the triggered data update 232 to the indexmanager 220 upon occurrence of the triggering event, as an index updatethat includes all entries stored at the staging table 218. The indexmanager 220 includes an index builder 260 configured to generate anindex or an index update from data or from a triggered data update,respectively. The index manager 220 also includes index search services270 to execute searches on an index 222. In response to the triggereddata update 232, the index manager 220 causes the index builder 260 togenerate an index update 280 reflecting a change to be made in the index222 as a result of the triggered data update 232.

Index update data 226 is generated to represent the index update 280applied to the index 222. In a particular illustrative embodiment, theindex update data 280 is generated in a format used by the database 210,such as serialized binary data, enabling the index update data 226 to bereadily added to a store of index data maintained by the database 210,such as an index table 216. The index update data 226 generated by theindex manager 220 is stored in the index table 216 to update the indextable 216 so that the content of the index table 216 corresponds to thecontent of the index 222. The index update data 226 may represent anincremental change to the index 222. In another embodiment, the indexupdate data 226 may represent the entire index 222 after updating inresponse to the triggered data update 232.

In a particular illustrative embodiment, the triggered data update 232and the index update data 226 are within the same commit scope 228. Whena triggered data update 232 is communicated to the index manager 220 toupdate the index 222, the index update data 226 returned to the databasemanager 212 covers the same transaction or group of transactions toenable consistency between the content of the index 222 maintained bythe index manager 220 and the index table 216 stored in the database210.

On the other hand, the commit scope 228 of the triggered data update 232and the index update data 226 may be different from a commit scope of anupdate to the data table 214. For example, multiple transactions may beapplied to the data table 214 and stored in the staging table 218 beforethey are applied to the index 222 as the triggered data update 232, andmay remain at the staging table 218 until the index update data 226reflecting the changes maintained in the staging table 218 are appliedto the index table 216. If, for some reason, index update data 226 werenot received for a triggered data update 232, another update could begenerated from data updates recorded at the staging table 218 to re-sendto the index manager 220 to ensure the index 222 and the index datastored in the index table 216 correspond with one another.

FIG. 3 is a diagram of a particular illustrative embodiment of a system,generally designated 300, to illustrate operation of a data tablestoring data, a staging table storing updates to the data table, anindex table storing index data, and an index external the database. InFIGS. 3-6, letters are used to represent text entries that might beincluded in an index. In FIG. 3, a data table 314 includes threeentries: a first entry 330 for name A including a comment using a termG, a second entry 332 for name B including a comment using a term H, anda third entry 334 for name C including a comment using a term I.

A staging table 318 includes an entry for the name C 340 including thecomment using a term I. A transaction for name C that has been appliedto the data table 314 and the staging table 318 may have occurred afterone or more prior updates of an index 320 so that the entry for the nameC 340 is the only entry at the staging table 318.

An index table 316 includes an entry 350 that includes binary index datarepresenting the index 320 that includes data in a database formatassociating term G to name A and also associating term H to name B. In aparticular embodiment, the entry 350 is serialized binary data receivedfrom the index 320 in response to an earlier index update triggered by atriggering event.

The index 320 includes data that represent a first index entry 360 forterm G to name A and a second index entry 362 for term B to name H. Asillustrated, the index 320 includes index structure (illustratedgraphically as tree-type data structures) and index data (e.g., key andentry data). The index entries 360 and 362 were created in generating anindex for the data table 314 in which terms in a comments field 324 ofthe data table 314 were indexed to another field, such as a name field322. The index entries 360 and 362, for example, may have been createdby the index builder 260 of the index manager 222 of FIG. 2. FIGS. 4-6illustrate a particular embodiment showing how the application of thetransaction for name C 340 results in changes to the index 320 and theindex table 316.

FIG. 4 is a diagram of a system, generally designated 400, of aparticular illustrative embodiment of an index 420 being updated toapply a transaction stored in a staging table 418. An entry for atransaction for name C 440, including a term I, is stored in the stagingtable 418 in response to an entry 434 for the transaction being appliedto the data table 414. Upon occurrence of a triggering event, atriggered data update 424 is sent to an index manager (not shown) toupdate the index 420 with the entry 440 stored at the staging table 418.The index manager updates the index 420 to include an index entry 464from the term Ito C.

FIG. 5 is a diagram of a system, generally designated 500, of aparticular illustrative embodiment of an index table 516 in a database510 being updated to reflect a new index entry 564 in the index 520. Theindex manager (not shown) generates index update data 526 reflecting thenew index entry 564, in this example, from term C to I. In a particularembodiment, the index update data 526 is presented in a database formatused by the database 510, such as serialized binary data. The indexupdate data 526 is applied to the index table 516 to create a new entry554 in the index table 516 that includes term C to I. As a result, theindex table 516 is updated to represent the index entry 564 added to theindex 520 to represent changes to a data table 514. As a result, thedatabase 510 includes current versions of the data maintained in thedata table 514 and index data maintained externally in the index 520 inthe index table 516, as well as preceding versions of index data such asan earlier entry 550 stored in the index table 516.

Although the earlier entry 550 is illustrated as retained in the indextable 516, in other embodiments the earlier entry 550 may be removed,deleted, or archived in response to receiving the new entry 554. Also,although the new entry 554 is depicted as including data representingthe entire index 520 so that the index 520 may be recreated using thenew entry 554 alone, in other embodiments the new entry 554 may indicatean incremental update to the index 520 and not the entire index 520, sothat the index 520 may be recreated using the new entry 554 in additionto the earlier entry 550.

FIG. 6 is a diagram of a system, generally designated 600, of aparticular illustrative embodiment of a database 610 after a data table614 and an index table 616 have been updated to reflect current versionsof data maintained by the database 610 and index data maintainedexternally in an index 620. After the index table 616 is updated toinclude an entry 654 that includes binary data representing a latestindex entry 664 made in the index 620, a staging table 618 thatpreviously stored data for one or more most recent transactions iscleared in a staging table reset 680. By maintaining transaction datafor a transaction applied to the data table 614, as previously describedwith reference to FIG. 4, until the index table 616 is updated toreflect changes in the index 620 as a result of the transaction, arecord of the transaction is maintained in case index update data is notreceived to reflect the latest index entry 664 made to the index 620.Until the index update data representing the latest index entry 664 isreceived and applied to the index table 616, as previously describedwith reference to FIG. 5, the index table 616 will not be synchronizedwith the index 620. Moreover, until the index update data is received,it is not known whether the index 620 has been updated to reflect themost recent transaction. Thus, maintaining transaction information inthe staging table 618 enables subsequent attempts to send thetransaction data to update the index 620 so that the index datamaintained in the index table 616 is consistent with the index entriesmaintained in the index 620.

FIG. 7 is a diagram of a system for particular illustrative embodimentof a system, generally designated 700, in which index table data 770maintained in a database 710 is communicated to an external indexmanager 722 that uses the index table data 770 to create an index 720.As previously described, in addition to storing data in a data table714, the database 710 maintains a copy or master copy of datarepresenting content of an externally-maintained index in an index table716. The database manager 712 is responsive to retrieve the index tabledata 770 and to communicate the index table data 770 to the indexmanager 722. The index manager 722 processes the index table data 770 togenerate index data 772 that is used to create the index 720. Thus, forexample, if a previous manifestation of the index 720 was lost or it isdesirable to generate another copy of an index, using the index tabledata 770 maintained in the index table 716 in the database 710, theindex manager 722 can create the index 720. A request or an instructionto refresh the index 720, which may be used to create a new copy of theindex 720 or to ensure that an existing copy of the index 720 isconsistent with the master copy of the index 720 represented by theindex table data 770 stored in the index table 716 of the database 710,may be issued by the database manager 712. In an alternativeimplementation, a request or instruction to recreate the index 770 maybe issued by the database manager 712 or the index manager 722.

It should be noted that the index table data 770 is used to create theindex 720, rather than to generate the index 720. Generating orregenerating an index 720 would involve processing data stored in thedata table 714, as described with reference to FIG. 3 for example, byevaluating terms stored in a comments portion 316 or other text portionsof a data table to find associations within a name portion 318 of thedata table 316 to develop the index 720. By contrast, the index tabledata 770 maintained in the index table 716 represents content of theindex 720 stored in a format used by the database 710. Thus, using theindex table data 770 retrieved from the index table 716, the index 720can be created by translating the index table data 770 from the form inwhich it is stored in the index table 716 into a form used by the index720.

FIG. 8 is a flow chart 800 of a particular illustrative embodiment of amethod of maintaining an index table to represent content of an index ina database. At 802, a database is maintained that includes a first datatable that is configured to store data in a database format and a seconddata table that is configured to store index data, where the index datarepresents an index of a first portion of the first data table, theindex maintained externally to the database by an index manager. Forexample, the database may be the database 110 of FIG. 1 maintained bythe database manager 112 and that includes the index table 116 to storea master copy of data corresponding to the first index 120 maintained bythe first index manager 122.

The first portion of the first data table may include text data that isindexed by the index manager. The index may be maintained by the indexmanager in an index format that is different from the database format.For example, the database format may include serialized binary data, andthe index format may include another format to represent index data andindex structures.

Moving to 804, a data update representing a modification to the firstdata table is generated. Proceeding to 806, the data update may bestored at a staging table. Continuing to 808, upon an occurrence of atriggering event, the data update may be communicated to the indexmanager. The triggering event may be a scheduled event such as aperiodic or scheduled update. The data update may be applied to modifydata at the first data table without regard for whether the data updatehas been properly processed by the index manager, as updating the firstdata table may not be part of the same commit scope as updating theindex or storing index update data.

Moving to 810, the data update may be maintained at the staging table atleast until the index update data resulting from the data update isreceived from the index manager. Proceeding to 812, index update data isreceived from the index manager representing a modification to the indexas a result of the data update. The index update data may be received inthe database format from the index manager.

Continuing to 814, the index update data is applied to the second datatable. The second data table may include a master copy of the index datathat can be used by the index manager to reproduce the index. Forexample, at 816, the index data may be communicated to the index managerto instruct the index manager to create the index from the master copyof the index data.

FIG. 9 is a diagram of one particular illustrative embodiment of ageneral-purpose computing system that is generally designated 900,operable to support systems, computer program products, and methodsherein described. In the depicted example, the computing system 900includes a computing device 901 that employs a hub architectureincluding a north bridge and memory controller hub (MCH) 902 and a southbridge and input/output (I/O) controller hub (ICH) 904. A processor 906,a main memory 908, and a graphics processor 910 are coupled to the northbridge and memory controller hub 902. For example, the graphicsprocessor 910 may be coupled to the MCH 902 through an acceleratedgraphics port (AGP) (not shown).

In the depicted example, a network adapter 912 is coupled to the southbridge and I/O controller hub 904 and an audio adapter 916, a keyboardand mouse adapter 920, a modem 922, a read only memory (ROM) 924,universal serial bus (USB) ports and other communications ports 932, andPeripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) and Peripheral ComponentInterconnect Express (PCIe) devices 934 are coupled to the south bridgeand I/O controller hub 904 via bus 938. A disk drive 926 and a CD-ROMdrive 930 are coupled to the south bridge and I/O controller hub 904through the bus 938. The PCI/PCIe devices 934 may include, for example,Ethernet adapters, add-in cards, and PC cards for notebook computers.The ROM 924 may be, for example, a flash binary input/output system(BIOS). The disk drive 926 and the CD-ROM drive 930 may use, forexample, an integrated drive electronics (IDE) or serial advancedtechnology attachment (SATA) interface. A super I/O (SIO) device 936 maybe coupled to the south bridge and I/O controller hub 904. The networkadapter 912 may enable the computing device 901 to communicate with aclient device 942, a database 990, and a server 996 via a network 940.

The main memory 908 includes computer instructions installed onto acomputer readable medium that is accessible to the processor 906. In aparticular embodiment, the computer instructions are executable toenable the system 900 to function as an index manager, such as the firstindex manager 122 of FIG. 1, the index manager 220 of FIG. 2, the indexmanager 722 of FIG. 7, or any combination thereof. The main memory 908includes first program instructions 944 that may be executable by theprocessor 906 to maintain an index of text data of a table column, wherethe text data of the data column is maintained at a remote database,such as the database 990. The main memory 908 also includes secondprogram instructions 946 that may be executable by the processor 906 toreceive a text update reflecting a data update to the remote database990. The main memory 908 also includes third program instructions 948that may be executable by the processor 906 to update the index toreflect the text update.

The main memory 908 also includes fourth program instructions 950 thatmay be executable by the processor 906 to send index update data in aserialized binary format at a master index table in the remote database990. In a particular embodiment, the fourth program instructions 950further include instructions to convert index structure and index datafrom an index format to the serialized binary format. In a particularembodiment, the main memory 908 may further include fifth instructions(not shown) to receive the master index data from the remote database990 and to generate a new copy of the index from the master index data.

In another embodiment, the program instructions 944-950 may cause thecomputing device 901 to function as a database manager, such as thedatabase manager 112 of FIG. 1, the database manager 212 of FIG. 2, orthe database manager 712 of FIG. 7, and may be implemented as acomputational component for use in directing the computing device 901 tomaintain a master copy of index data at a database that is indexed by anexternal index server, such as the database 990. The database 990 may becoupled to directly to the computing device 901 rather than via thenetwork 940. The computational component may include encoded computingdevice instructions 994 emanating from a tangible computer readablemedium, such as memory 992 at the server 996. The encoded computingdevice instructions 994 may be electronically accessible to thecomputing device 901 for execution. The execution of the encodedcomputing device instructions may cause the computing device 901 tomaintain a data table in the database 990 in a database format, such thedata table 114 in the database 110 of FIG. 1. The execution of theencoded computing device instructions may also cause the computingdevice 901 to maintain an index table in the database 990. The indextable may include content of an index to the data table, such as amaster copy of the index such that an index manager may be configured togenerate the index from the content of the index table. The index may bemaintained in a format that is different than the database format by anindex manager that is external to the database 990.

The execution of the encoded computing device instructions 994 may alsocause the computing device 901 to receive a transaction initiating adata update to the data table, to communicate the data update to theindex manager, to receive index update data from the index manager, andto apply the index update data to the index table. The execution of theencoded computing device instructions 994 may further cause thecomputing device 901 to maintain a staging table for the data table, tostore the data update in the staging table, to determine an occurrenceof an event initiating an update to the index manager, and upondetermining the occurrence of the event, to communicate the data updateto the index manager. The execution of the encoded computing deviceinstructions 994 may also cause the computing device 901 to maintain thedata update in the staging table at least until the index update data isreceived from the index manager.

An operating system (not shown) runs on the processor 906 andcoordinates and provides control of various components within thecomputing system 900. The operating system may be a commerciallyavailable operating system such as Microsoft® Windows® XP (Microsoft andWindows are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States,other countries, or both). An object oriented programming system, suchas the Java® programming system, may run in conjunction with theoperating system and provide calls to the operating system from Javaprograms or applications executing on the computing system 900 (Java andall Java-based trademarks are trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. inthe United States, other countries, or both).

Instructions for the operating system, the object-oriented programmingsystem, and applications or programs are located on storage devices,such as the disk drive 926, and may be loaded into the main memory 908for execution by the processor 906. The processes of the disclosedillustrative embodiments may be performed by the processor 906 usingcomputer implemented instructions, which may be located in a memory suchas, for example, the main memory 908, the read only memory 924, or inone or more of the peripheral devices.

The hardware in computing system 900 may vary depending on theimplementation. Other internal hardware or peripheral devices, such asflash memory, equivalent non-volatile memory, or optical disk drives andthe like, may be used in addition to or in place of the hardwaredepicted in FIG. 9. Also, the processes of the disclosed illustrativeembodiments may be applied to a multiprocessor data processing system.

In some illustrative examples, portions of the computing system 900 maybe implemented in a personal digital assistant (PDA), which is generallyconfigured with flash memory to provide non-volatile memory for storingoperating system files and/or user-generated data. A bus system may becomprised of one or more buses, such as a system bus, an I/O bus and aPCI bus. Of course, the bus system may be implemented using any type ofcommunications fabric or architecture that provides for a transfer ofdata between different components or devices attached to the fabric orarchitecture. A communications unit may include one or more devices usedto transmit and receive data, such as a modem or a network adapter. Amemory may be, for example, the main memory 908 or a cache such as foundin the north bridge and memory controller hub 902. A processing unit mayinclude one or more processors or CPUs. The depicted examples in FIG. 9and above-described examples are not meant to imply architecturallimitations. For example, portions of the computing system 900 also maybe implemented in a personal computer, server, server cluster, tabletcomputer, laptop computer, or telephone device in addition to taking theform of a PDA.

Particular embodiments of the computing system 900 can take the form ofan entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or anembodiment containing both hardware and software elements. In aparticular embodiment, the disclosed methods are implemented in softwarethat is embedded in processor readable medium and executed by aprocessor, which includes but is not limited to firmware, residentsoftware, microcode, etc.

Further, embodiments of the present disclosure, such as the one or moreembodiments in FIGS. 1-8 can take the form of a computer program productaccessible from a computer-usable or computer-readable medium providingprogram code for use by or in connection with a computer or anyinstruction execution system. For the purposes of this description, acomputer-usable or computer-readable medium can be any apparatus thatcan tangibly embody a computer program and that can contain, store,communicate, propagate, or transport the program for use by or inconnection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

In various embodiments, the medium can include an electronic, magnetic,optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system (orapparatus or device) or a propagation medium. Examples of acomputer-readable medium include a semiconductor or solid state memory,magnetic tape, a removable computer diskette, a random access memory(RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), a rigid magnetic disk and an opticaldisk. Current examples of optical disks include compact disk—read onlymemory (CD-ROM), compact disk—read/write (CD-R/W) and digital versatiledisk (DVD).

A data processing system suitable for storing and/or executing programcode may include at least one processor coupled directly or indirectlyto memory elements through a system bus. The memory elements can includelocal memory employed during actual execution of the program code, bulkstorage, and cache memories which provide temporary storage of at leastsome program code in order to reduce the number of times code must beretrieved from bulk storage during execution.

Input/output or I/O devices (including but not limited to keyboards,displays, pointing devices, etc.) can be coupled to the data processingsystem either directly or through intervening I/O controllers.

Network adapters may also be coupled to the data processing system toenable the data processing system to become coupled to other dataprocessing systems or remote printers or storage devices throughintervening private or public networks. Modems, cable modems, andEthernet cards are just a few of the currently available types ofnetwork adapters.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided toenable any person skilled in the art to make or use the disclosedembodiments. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readilyapparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles definedherein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from thescope of the disclosure. Thus, the present disclosure is not intended tobe limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded thewidest scope possible consistent with the principles and features asdefined by the following claims.

1. A method comprising: storing, at a staging table of a database, adata update generated based on a transaction performed with respect to adata table, wherein the data table is associated with one or moreindexes, each index of the one or more indexes maintained externally tothe database; maintaining the data update at the staging table at leastuntil index update data is received at the database, wherein the indexupdate data represents a modification to a particular index of the oneor more indexes, the modification based on the data update.
 2. Themethod of claim 1, further comprising generating the data update basedon the transaction performed with respect to the data table.
 3. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the database includes the staging table, thedata table configured to store data in a database format, and an indexdata table configured to store index data.
 4. The method of claim 1,further comprising updating an index data table based on the receivedindex update data to maintain the index data table as a master copy ofindex data of the data table.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the oneor more indexes includes a first index and a second index, and wherein afirst portion of the index data table is associated with the first indexand a second portion of the index data table is associated with thesecond index.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the database ismaintained by a database manager, and wherein the particular index ismaintained by an index manager.
 7. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising removing the data update stored at the staging table afterthe index update data is received at the database.
 8. The method ofclaim 7, wherein the data update is removed from the staging table inresponse to an index table of the database being updated based on theindex update data.
 9. A system comprising: a memory configured to storeprocessor-executable instructions; and a processor coupled to thememory, wherein the processor is configured execute theprocessor-executable instructions to: store, at a staging table of adatabase, a first data update generated based on a first transactionperformed with respect to at least a first portion of a data table,wherein the first portion of the data table is associated with one ormore indexes, each index of the one or more indexes maintainedexternally to the database; and maintain the data update at the stagingtable at least until index update data is received by the processor,wherein the index update data represents a modification to a first indexof the one or more indexes, the modification resulting from the firstdata update.
 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the processor is furtherconfigured to execute the processor-executable instructions to:communicate a second data update to the first index, wherein the seconddata update is generated based on a second transaction performed withrespect to at least the first portion of the data table; receive anerror message associated with the second data update from a first indexmanager associated with the first index; communicate a request to asecond index manager to create a second index associated with the firstportion of the data table based on an index table included in thedatabase and associated with the first portion of the data table. 11.The system of claim 9, wherein the processor is further configured toexecute the processor-executable instructions to: store, at the stagingtable, second update data based on a second transaction performed withrespect to at least the first portion of the data table; and communicatethe first update data and the second update data in a batchcommunication to a first index manager associated with the first index.12. The system of claim 9, wherein the processor is further configuredto execute the processor-executable instructions to: store, at thestaging table, third update data based on a third transaction performedwith respect to at least a second portion of the data table, wherein thesecond portion of the data table is associated with one or more secondindexes, and wherein a second index of the one or more second indexes ismaintained at different location than the first index; communicate thefirst update data to a first index manager associated with the firstindex; and communicate the second update data to a second index managerassociated with the second index.
 13. The system of claim 9, wherein theprocessor is further configured to execute the processor-executableinstructions to communicate the first data update to the first index.14. The system of claim 10, wherein the first data update iscommunicated in response to a trigger based on a synchronous time updatecycle or an asynchronous update signal.
 15. A method comprising:receiving a data update generated based on a transaction performed withrespect to a data table, wherein the data update is stored at a stagingtable of a database; and sending index update data to the database, theindex update representing a modification of an index based on thereceived data update, the index associated with the data table, whereinthe data update is maintained at the staging table at least until theindex update data is received at the database.
 16. The method of claim15, wherein the data update is received at an index manager associatedwith the index, and wherein the index update data is sent to a databasemanager and enables the database manager to initiate an update of anindex table of the database.
 17. The method of claim 15, furthercomprising initiating the modification of the index in response toreceiving the data update.
 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the dataupdate is formatted in an index format and wherein the index update datais formatted in a database format.
 19. The method of claim 15, whereinthe database format is a serialized binary format.
 20. The method ofclaim 15, wherein the index includes an index structure and index data.